WILDLIFE Riparian corridors on the eastside are the primary areas designated as having high potential to support wildlife as the presence of surface water and dense vegetation attracts many species of wildlife, including those from other habitat types. The fields adjacent to eastside riparian habitats are characterized with moderate to low potential to support wildlife since agricultural activities result in the loss of native vegetation that attracts wildlife. A few species of common birds (such as killdeer and red-tailed hawks) and mammals (such as western fence lizards, raccoons, and gopher snakes) may occasionally utilize these fields for foraging and resting, but existing vegetation provides minimal cover.

EXISTING HABITAT AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES Copeland Creek in the campus area is considered to be a migration corridor for steelhead,which apparently still spawn in the upper watershed east of Petaluma Hill Road (BillCox, pers. comm.). Copeland Creek and the adjacent riparian zone are designated critical habitat for coho salmon, and proposed critical habitat for steelhead. Both coho andsteelhead probably spawned and reared young historically in Copeland Creek, including the reach that runs through the SSU campus. However, the stream has been heavily impacted by past land use practices, as have most streams in this region. Now, during a typical summer, all of the reach along the campus goes dry, and therefore does notsupport salmonid spawning or rearing, nor any resident fish populations. Although I observed gravel beds along the SSU reach that appeared to be potentially suitable for steelhead spawning, I found no evidence of spawning activity (i.e., no redds nor adult fish) during several surveys conducted during prime spawning periods following rains in January through April. In fact, I saw no fish of any species during the surveys. Since both steelhead and coho juveniles need at least one summer of rearing in freshwater streams (usually not far from where they emerged from the gravel beds in the spring)before going to sea to mature, it is not surprising that no spawning occurs near the campus now. If no juveniles have survived the summer in the campus reach for several years, there would be no predictable run of adults seeking the campus area to spawn. Those that still spawn higher up in the watershed may be imprinted to the upper watershed, i.e., the returning adults will follow chemosensory cues upstream past the campus and keep going until they reach the area where they were reared.

LIST OF SPECIES SUITABLE TO COPELAND CREEK CORRIDOR October 2001Copeland Creek Restoration Plant selection: Riparian Area on the south side of the creek In areas that are hot, dry and sunny: Concerns: Open understory is advantageous, for reasons of both safety and aesthetics

Trees:Valley OakQuercus lobataCalifornia BuckeyeAesculus californicaCoast Live OakQuercus agrifoliaMadroneArbutus menziesiiCalifornia BayUmbellularia californicaBlack OakQuercus kelloggiiCalifornia WalnutJuglans californica var. hindsiiUnderstory:Blue ElderberrySambucus mexicanaManzanitaArctostaphylos manzanitaCalifornia LilacCeonothus thyrsiflorusCoyote brushBaccharis pilularisCoffeeberryRhamnus californicaBunchgrassNassella pulcraBunchgrassFestuca californicaIn high middle areas; marginally cooler, shadier and moister than Edge: Unshaded areas:all the species proposed for the edge zone(when more shade is available, the species composition can change) Shaded areas Trees:Valley OakQuercus lobataOregon AshFraxinus latifoliaCal. WalnutJuglans californica var. hindsiiBigleaf MapleAcer macrophylumCalifornia BayUmbellularia californicaCalifornia BuckeyeAesculus californica California BlackberryRubus ursinusCalifornia native grapeVitis californicaBlue elderberrySambucus mexicanaCalifornia HazelnutCorulus cornutaCalifornia Wild RoseRosa gymnocarpaNinebarkPhysocarpa capitatusCreambushHolodiscus discolorCoffeeberryRhamnus californicaHoneysuckleLonicera hispidulaMugwortArtemesia douglasiana In areas that are low/shaded middle areas, shady and moister:TreesWillowsArroyoSalix lasiolepisRedSaliz laevigataFremont cottonwoodPopulus fremontiiWhite AlderAlnus rhombifoliaBigleaf MapleAcer macrophylumCalif. WalnutJuglans californica var. hindsiiBox Elder Acer negundo var. californicum Understory:California BlackberryRubus ursinusWestern SpicebushCalycanthus occidentalisCalifornia HazelnutCorylus cornutaCalifornia Wild RoseRosa gymnocarpaTwinberryLonicera involucrataNinebarkPhysocarpus capitatusWestern AzaleaRhododendron occidentalisRed stem DogwoodCornus sericea ssp. sericeaBlue ElderberrySambucus mexicanaSnowberrySymphoricarpus albusPink flowering currantRibes sanguinum var.glutinosum Dutchman's Pipe Aristolochia californicaHoneysuckleLonicera hispidulaMugwortArtemesia douglasiana

Copeland Creek drains the area north and west of Sonoma Mountain. It has a dense riparian corridor along its northside in the ssu campus area, and is tributary to the Laguna de Santa Rosa and the Russian River. sensitive aquatic species include Oncorhynchus kisutch Coho salmon FT Oncorhynchus mykissSteelhead FT Ambystoma californiense California tiger salamander , FSC Rana boylii Foothill yellow-legged frog Rana aurora aurora Northern red-legged frog **Rana aurora draytonii California red-legged frogFT**Clemmys marmorata Western pond turtle